![]() We have also explored the Knowledge, Attitude and Practices associated with the Influenza vaccination among Health-care workers as well as corporate employees as well as high risk groups like those with pregnancy, COPD, diabetes, chronic heart failure, etc. Also outbreak studies were conducted as and when required like an Influenza B outbreak in the nomadic community in Pulwama.Īpart from the epidemic studies, we have conducted various surveillance studies in high-risk groups including pregnant females and have also demonstrated the contribution of Influenza in Community acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation of COPD. However, it soon emerged as an an emergency centre to manage crises as and when it emerged especially during H1N1 epidemic following the 2009–2010 pandemic, the resurgence in 2012 and a new clade associated resurgence in the year 2015. Initially, the facility was supposed to conduct a “dozen odd tests” a week. The laboratory was one of the eight facilities in India and was the outcome of joint cooperative agreement between Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) Atlanta and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Influenza lab in Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences was setup in 2010 by Dr Parvaiz Koul. There were no published data on the existence or circulation of influenza in Kashmir (northern part of India) until 2010. Seasonal flu is caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world. Parvaiz A Koul Director and Ex-Officio Secretary to Govt. It has great potential for virus indexing, prevention of introduction of viruses through planting material in newer areas and production of certified planting material in clonally propagated crops. Application of deep sequencing approaches alleviates the problem of false negatives due to high genetic variability or low titer. Our recent analysis of public transcriptome data sets as well as sRNA or mRNA sequencing have shown the association of several known/unknown/novel viruses with various plant species. The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has revolutionized the field of plant virology as more and more new viruses are being discovered in different hosts, in different geographical locations and this has facilitated better understanding of viruses. Since then, sequencing technologies became ultimate tool to characterize viruses. The first-generation sequencing technologies unveiled the first complete genome sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus in 1980. More sensitive nucleic acid-based assays particularly recombinase polymerase amplification has simplified the detection of viruses even in resource constrained laboratory. Serological reaction-based assay and production of antibodies using recombinant coat protein gene and synthetic peptides have paved the way for inhouse production of serological diagnostic assay. ![]() It was followed by local lesion assay, crystallization of virus particles, shape- and size-based virion characterization through electron microscopy, transmission assays. The first plant virus causing mosaic disease in tobacco was characterized based on the infectious nature of sap that passed through bacteria proof filter obtained from diseased plants in the late 19th Century. Baranwal Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012 India Perspective on research approaches for characterization of plant viruses in India V.
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